SwaleAny shallow channel or trough with gently sloping sides, both natural or synthetic. Man-made swales are sometimes designed to manage surface runoff and improve rainwater infiltration. StrandlineA beach or shoreline, particularly a former or relict one, now elevated above the present water stage, which seems as a bench or different seen demarcation lining the length of the shore at a common elevation. SpurA lateral ridge or different salient landform protruding from the facet of a hill, mountain, or the principle this kind of stress pulls on the structure of a building and must be countered by a pushing stress. crest of a ridge and typically surrounded on a minimum of three sides by steep hillsides. SnowlineThe lowest elevation at which snow stays throughout the year if the summer time heat doesn’t completely soften the winter accumulation, e.g. on a high mountain. Slip-off slopeThe more gently sloping of the two banks of a river or stream, usually on the inside bend of a meander, as opposed to a cut bank.
Rough channel bottoms cause stream water to enter the streambed and to combine with ground water in the hyporheic zone. This enter of oxygen to the streambed stimulates a high level of exercise by aerobic (oxygen-using) microorganisms if dissolved oxygen is readily available. It isn’t unusual for dissolved oxygen to be utterly used up in hyporheic flow paths at some distance into the streambed, the place anaerobic microorganisms dominate microbial exercise. Anaerobic bacteria can use nitrate, sulfate, or different solutes in place of oxygen for metabolism. The result of these processes is that many solutes are extremely reactive in shallow floor water in the neighborhood of streambeds. A kind of interaction between floor water and streams that takes place in practically all streams at one time or another is a fast rise in stream stage that causes water to maneuver from the stream into the streambanks.
Distance decayThe decrease in cultural or spatial interactions between two locations as the distance between them will increase. This impact may be noticeable in towns and cities, the place sure descriptive traits similar to pedestrian visitors, building top, and land worth tend to say no with larger distance from town center. DepressionAny landform that’s sunken or depressed under the encircling area. Depressions embody an unlimited variety of landforms and can type by a quantity of totally different mechanisms, together with erosion, floor collapse, tectonic exercise, volcanism, and meteorite impacts. Cultural geographyA branch of human geography which studies the patterns and interactions of human culture in relation to the pure surroundings and the human group of house. The mixing of supplies from varied horizons of the soil all the method down to the bedrock due to freezing and thawing.
All heights proven on British maps are measured from this benchmark. MoundAny heaped pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris, typically with a rounded high and of topographically larger elevation than its quick surroundings. MaarA broad, shallow, flat-bottomed volcanic crater created by an eruption involving groundwater coming into contact with magma. Maars generally have low rims and refined aid and characteristically fill with water to type crater lakes. LongitudeA measure of distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, a line drawn between the North and South Poles and passing via the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.
In contrast, asparagus can tolerate a primary soil with a pH up to eight.zero. A soil pH of 6.5 to 7.zero is often thought-about “ideal” for many vegetation, but a little research can help you establish the correct pH for the crops you wish to grow. After obtaining a soil test report, you can take measures to adjust soil pH or choose vegetation that will thrive on the present pH. Extreme pH measures of four.zero or 10.0 will support little plant life and are very tough to switch.
Ice ageA time of widespread glaciation, such because the Pleistocene Epoch. HotspotAn area in the midst of a lithospheric plate the place magma rises from the mantle and erupts on the Earth’s floor. HinterlandAn area that’s tributary to a place and linked to that place via strains of trade or interplay. HighwayAny major public or private road or other thoroughfare on land, especially one that is paved and able to supporting high-capacity, fast transit between populated places. HemisphereHalf of the Earth, usually conceived as ensuing from the division of the globe into two equal parts of either north and south or east and west. A part of a area considered essential to the viability and survival of the whole.
In arid and semiarid regions, seepage of water from the stream may be the principal supply of aquifer recharge. Despite its importance, ground-water recharge from dropping streams stays a extremely uncertain a part of the water balance of aquifers in these areas. In deeper ground-water flow methods, the contact time between water and minerals is for a lot longer than it is in shallow flow systems.
Ground-water methods that discharge to streams can underlie extensive areas of the land surface . As a end result, environmental circumstances on the interface between floor water and floor water replicate changes within the broader panorama. For example, the kinds and numbers of organisms in a given reach of streambed outcome, in part, from interactions between water in the hyporheic zone and floor water from distant sources. Any area of land the place precipitation collects and drains into a standard outlet, corresponding to a river, lake, ocean, or any other body of water. The drainage basin contains all of the floor water from precipitation runoff and snowmelt, in addition to all the groundwater beneath the Earth’s floor.
This viewer enabled the specialist to look at every of the single-band black-and-white photographs individually or in any 2, three, or 4 band combination of transparencies. Each band was projected by way of a blue, green, or pink filter, or by unfiltered white gentle, beneath controlled illumination intensities for every. A wide variety of band, filter, and illumination intensities is possible, but for this research, preselected band-filter mixtures or spectral composites were generated. Hence, for areas where there is no vital change in surface reflection, the area is color-coded in yellow to brown tones, relying upon the movie density. If a change in spectral reflectance happens because of flooding, the area affected by the change is color-coded as both red, exhibiting the pre-existing condition, or green, displaying the new condition.